Adds all the specified members with the specified scores to the sorted set
stored at key.
It is possible to specify multiple score / member pairs.
If a specified member is already a member of the sorted set, the score is
updated and the element reinserted at the right position to ensure the correct
ordering.
If key does not exist, a new sorted set with the specified members as sole
members is created, like if the sorted set was empty. If the key exists but does not hold a sorted set, an error is returned.
The score values should be the string representation of a double precision floating point number. +inf and -inf values are valid values as well.
ZADD options (Redis 3.0.2 or greater)
ZADD supports a list of options, specified after the name of the key and before the first score argument. Options are:
- XX: Only update elements that already exist. Never add elements.
- NX: Don’t update already existing elements. Always add new elements.
- CH: Modify the return value from the number of new elements added, to the total number of elements changed (CH is an abbreviation of changed). Changed elements are new elements added and elements already existing for which the score was updated. So elements specified in the command line having the same score as they had in the past are not counted. Note: normally the return value of
ZADDonly counts the number of new elements added. - INCR: When this option is specified
ZADDacts likeZINCRBY. Only one score-element pair can be specified in this mode.
Range of integer scores that can be expressed precisely
Redis sorted sets use a double 64-bit floating point number to represent the score. In all the architectures we support, this is represented as an IEEE 754 floating point number, that is able to represent precisely integer numbers between -(2^53) and +(2^53) included. In more practical terms, all the integers between -9007199254740992 and 9007199254740992 are perfectly representable. Larger integers, or fractions, are internally represented in exponential form, so it is possible that you get only an approximation of the decimal number, or of the very big integer, that you set as score.
Sorted sets 101
Sorted sets are sorted by their score in an ascending way.
The same element only exists a single time, no repeated elements are
permitted. The score can be modified both by ZADD that will update the
element score, and as a side effect, its position on the sorted set, and
by ZINCRBY that can be used in order to update the score relatively to its
previous value.
The current score of an element can be retrieved using the ZSCORE command,
that can also be used to verify if an element already exists or not.
For an introduction to sorted sets, see the data types page on sorted sets.
Elements with the same score
While the same element can’t be repeated in a sorted set since every element is unique, it is possible to add multiple different elements having the same score. When multiple elements have the same score, they are ordered lexicographically (they are still ordered by score as a first key, however, locally, all the elements with the same score are relatively ordered lexicographically).
The lexicographic ordering used is binary, it compares strings as array of bytes.
If the user inserts all the elements in a sorted set with the same score (for example 0), all the elements of the sorted set are sorted lexicographically, and range queries on elements are possible using the command ZRANGEBYLEX (Note: it is also possible to query sorted sets by range of scores using ZRANGEBYSCORE).
@return
@integer-reply, specifically:
- The number of elements added to the sorted sets, not including elements already existing for which the score was updated.
If the INCR option is specified, the return value will be @bulk-string-reply:
- the new score of
member(a double precision floating point number), represented as string.
@history
>= 2.4: Accepts multiple elements. In Redis versions older than 2.4 it was possible to add or update a single member per call.
@examples
ZADD myzset 1 "one"
ZADD myzset 1 "uno"
ZADD myzset 2 "two" 3 "three"
ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES